A study on the establishment of amana investment limited and its importance in offering Shariah compliant products amidst Muslims in Sri Lanka

Banks and financial institutions are playing spacious role in the financial sector, everywhere in contemporary world. There are many conventional banks and financial institutions as well in Sri Lanka to offer various kinds of financial services and transactions amongst people. Nevertheless, the financial services of them are for the most part with the base of Interest On the contrary, in accordance with Islamic Shariah, any kind of interest system in financial transactions has been completely prohibited. Consequently, it was very noteworthy to set up Islamic Financial Institution in the place of conventional banks and financial institutions for Muslims, on account of the financial system that they have which is based on the principles of Islamic Law and guided by Islamic Economics. In this manner, in the vital history of Sri Lankan financial sector, the establishment of Islamic financial institution initially occurred in 1997. At that moment, Amana Investments Limited, which is the pioneer Islamic financial Institution of the country, entered with the vision that, "World class Islamic financial solutions" in the market. Since the establishment of Amana, the attitudes of Sri Lankan Muslims on financial affairs have been step by step changing. Therefore, this study clears up the importance and effects of the establishment, the development, and Shariah basis financial services of Amana amongst Muslims in Sri Lanka. The especial gaze has been given to deeply discuss the Shariah - compliant products which are provided by Amana such as Mudaraba, Murabaha, Musharaka, ljara vehicle leasing, Ijara equipment & machinery leasing, Home Musharaka, Property Musharaka, Musawwama, and Imaad minors investment. The following facts can be plainly pointed out by means of this study as below; Realization of the Importance and necessity of Islamic financial services has well increased among Muslims in Sri Lanka. Establishment of Amana is considered as a great replacement to the conventional Banks and financial institution for Sri Lankan Muslims. Financial services of Amana have been unceasingly expanded day by day amongst Muslims in Sri Lanka, Especially in Muslim dominated Areas, Amana offers diverse kinds of Shariah - compliant products instead of conventional financial service Moreover, this study is based on primary and secondary research methods. So, direct interviews, discussion with specific groups, observations and the system of resource references are to be followed. The Books on Islamic Banking and finance, together with Magazines, Journals, leaflets, Newspapers, related WebPages, and other related Documents are used to obtain secondary data to carry out this research properly

Case study on post - Tsunami issues and opportunities for development in eastern coastal region

The natural and human disasters affected physical, social and economic development of our country during ethnic conflict which started in 1980s leads to a 30 years of war, destructed the infrastructure of North & Eastern region. A natural disaster (tsunami) in 1994 brought this human disaster (war) in a turning situation. Accelerated developments through foreign funds, invasion of INGOs, post-tsunami reconstructions, etc. are leading to a positive development in the North and Eastern part of the country. Due to the influence and interaction of the NGOs activities towards the ethnic conflict bring the government to put an end to the conflict in 2009. This case study has been done to examine the issues and opportunities for development after tsunami and war in Eastern Coastal Region through primary data collection such as questionnaire survey, field visits by environmental officers, and interviews of affected people and stakeholders and from secondary data sources. Unplanned and uncoordinated "Coastal Ribbon Development** under emergency situation, degraded coastal forest eco-system, destructed biodiversity, pressure on marine resources, pollution, tourism, poverty and government legislations are the prime issues identified from this case study for future development. Development of eco-tourism, rich cultural, historic and archaeological resources, productive agricultural land, tourism development, rich biodiversity and promoting community-based activities are die opportunities identified from this case study. The study revealed that the issues and opportunities are location specific and the development activities should be carried out with the concern of the development committees assigned at each Divisional Secretariat Divisions in the eastern coastal region

Surgical management of complex humerus head fractures

The locked plate systems provided adequate fixation of osteoporotic fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly. But is the PHILOS plate adequate for stabilization of high-energy fractures, and fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus in relatively younger age populations? In this retrospective study, performed at a referral, academic supervised, level III-trauma center, all high-energy trauma patients under the age of 55 years, with closed, 3 part, 4 part fractures, and/or fracture dislocations, were included in this study. Patients with open fractures, osteoporotic low-energy fractures, as well as patients older than 55 years were excluded. Fifty-nine patients entered and completed the study. They were all managed by open reduction and internal fixation using the PHILOS plate system. Patients' age ranged between 31–52 years, with a mean of 42 years. A minimal follow-up period of two years was a mandatory inclusion criterion in this study. All the patients who did not complete the follow-up period were excluded from the study. The results were evaluated using the Constant, Neer and DASH scoring systems, which revealed favorable results in 41 patients (69.5%). The results were comparable to the recent articles published in the literature in relatively older age groups. It was concluded that, despite the relatively high rate of complications encountered in the management of these complicated high-energy fractures, the PHILOS plating system could be considered an adequate management of polytrauma patients

Approximate Solution of Nonlinear fractional Integro-Di erential Equations By He's Homotopy Perturbation Method And The Modi cation of He's Variational Iteration Method

In this paper, we compare the modi cation of He's variational iteration method (MVIM), and He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM), in order to obtain the approximate solution of nonlinear frac- tional integro-di erential equations of Volterra and Fredholm integro-di erential equations, we present some examples to nd out accuracy of the methods. keywords: Fractional integro-di erential equations, Caputo derivative, modi cation of He's variational iteration method, homotopy perturbation metho

Land use/land cover changes in Addalaichenai DS Division from 1991 to 2011

Land use / land cover information is the basic pre-requisite for managing land, water and vegetation resources. The information on land use / land cover available today in the form of thematic maps and published statistical figures in records. Publications are inadequate, inconsistent, and do not provide updated information on the changing land use patterns, process and their spatial distribution. A comprehensive household sample survey, enterprise sample survey, institutional survey and formal interviews were carried out as primary data source. In order to supplement the data gathered in the field, secondary data were gathered such as relevant research reports and articles written on the town and its functions, land issues and official publications and reports issued by the UDA, Land Commissioners Department, Title Settlement Department and the Department of Census and Statistics, publications by relevant authorities. The samples were processed and analyzed using advanced spatial information techniques. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been utilized to generate maps and diagrams and to find suitable areas for the stipulated criteria. The current research focused the main characteristics of the Addalaichenai Divisional Secretariat area and its immediate periphery. However, the area covering the coastal belt will be considered as the potential development areas. Further the rapid development such as high ways, Oluvil port project, urbanization, re-greening projects, etc., after the disaster (war & tsunami) are the prime elements in the process of Land use / land cover changes in Addalaichenai DS Division. It has grown up to be urban town in the south east region with it slim of its municipality

Approximate solution of two-dimensional Volterra integral equation by Chebyshev polynomial method and Adomian decomposition method

In this paper we investigate the numerical solution of two dimensional Volterra integral equations by two different methods, Chebyshev polynomial and Adomian decomposion method. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the methods. Acomparison between the two methods is given. keywords: Chebyshev polynomials , Adomian decomposion method , two dimensional integral equations , collocation points

Scaling and the prediction of energy spectra in decaying hydrodynamic turbulence

Few rigorous results are derived for fully developed turbulence. By applying the scaling properties of the Navier-Stokes equation we have derived a relation for the energy spectrum valid for unforced or decaying isotropic turbulence. We find the existence of a scaling function $\psi$. The energy spectrum can at any time by a suitable rescaling be mapped onto this function. This indicates that the initial (primordial) energy spectrum is in principle retained in the energy spectrum observed at any later time, and the principle of permanence of large eddies is derived. The result can be seen as a restoration of the determinism of the Navier-Stokes equation in the mean. We compare our results with a windtunnel experiment and find good agreement.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Ecology and settlement of marine fouling in the Suez Bay, Egypt

This study deals with seasonal variations, natural correlations and similarities of fouling assemblages on exposure panels in the Suez Bay during January 1992 to January 1993. Three main sources of pollutions flow into the bay; industrial waste products, domestic drainage of Suez city and ships' oil and refuse.The fouling assemblages on the test pan els after various periods (1, 2 and 3 months) belonged mainly to the algae (Ulva rigida), polychaetes (Hydroides elegans), Cirripedes (Balanus amphitrite) and amphipods. The fouling at the lst station was relatively more dense than at the 2nd station during the summer and autumn seasons. The lowest productivity was achieved at the 3rd station which was considered less polluted being offshore water. The overall paucity of fouling in the bay is because of the silt covering the submerged surfaces, particularly at the 2nd station, leading to the prevention of the settlements or establishment of fouling organisms. The seasonal changes in the intensity of fouling assemblages on submerged surfaces in seawater seems to be closely related to seasonal variations in water temperature. The great fouling communities on the buoys and long exposure panels showed a remarkable variety of species and density rather than on short term exposures, which were more dense during warmer months

Performances Evaluation of Surface Water Areas Extraction Techniques Using Landsat ETM+ Data: Case Study Aswan High Dam Lake (AHDL)

AbstractAswan High Dam Lake (AHDL) is the major freshwater body supplying Egypt with water used for various purposes. This paper aims to detect the better technique for extraction of the water surface of AHDL. Eight techniques are tested using Landsat ETM+ image and their performances in extracting the surface water area are evaluated. The eight techniques include Supervised and Unsupervised image classification techniques, Water Ratio Index [WRI], Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], Normalized Difference Water Index [NDWI], Modified Normalized Difference Water Index [MNDWI], Automated Water Extraction Index [AWEI], and Normalized Difference Moisture Index [NDMI]. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the unsupervised technique, as it gave an overall accuracy about 99.91%. It is recommended to apply this technique in areas with similar conditions to efficiently extract the surface water areas from Landsat ETM+ data

Toxoplasma gondii: Prolonged in-vitro maintenance of virulent tachyzoites in fluid media at low temperatures

Background: Prolonged maintenance of infective Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (T.g.T.) is an important subject for research purposes. This study aimed to evaluate four serum free fluid media for prolonged in vitro maintenance of T.g.T.Methods: The four fluid media Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2 and Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI-1640) with or without 3% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were evaluated for maintenance of virulent T.g.T. The four media were tested after incubation at three different temperature degrees in the darkness.Results: Prolonged maintenance period for infective T.g.T. was recorded especially in the absence of FBS supplement. RPMI without FBS was able to maintain infective T.g.T. for 16 days post incubation (dpi) at refrigerator temperature. This period decreased to 10 dpi and 6 dpi after incubation in the same media at 18–22 oC and 37 oC, respectively. Cultivation of T.g.T. in RPMI supplemented with 3% FBS and in PBS proved to maintain infective T.g.T. for 14 dpi at refrigerator temperature, and for 9 and 5 dpi when the two media were incubated at 18–22 oC and 37 oC, respectively. Shorter periods for keeping the T.g.T. infectivity were recorded using PBS supplemented with 3% FBS under all tested temperature conditions.Conclusion: This method allows economic long-lasting maintenance of tachyzoites for 16th dpi in RBMI that can be reactivated by reinoculation in mice.Keywords:  Toxoplasma gondii, Tachyzoites, Fluid media, Temperatur